Commentaries, Global Warming, Opinions   Cover   •   Commentary   •   Books & Reviews   •   Climate Change   •   Site Links   •   Feedback
"And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free." - John 8:32
WEBCommentary Contributor
Author:  Jim Kouri
Bio: Jim Kouri
Date:  December 4, 2006
Print article - Printer friendly version

Email article link to friend(s) - Email a link to this article to friends

Facebook - Facebook

Topic category:  Other/General

GAO Investigates Impact of Eminent Domain

by Jim Kouri, CPP

"The government should not be allowed to force a small business, homeowner, or any other private property owner from his or her land. While the decision has been made in Washington, my Constitutional Amendment would protect the property rights our Founders intended, preventing state government and local governments from unfairly seizing your property," said North Carolina State Senator Fred Smith.

Senator Smith is one of a number of political leaders in both parties who are concerned about eminent domain being used to transfer private property to a private company for development purposes.

In the Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, the District of Columbia, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006, Congress mandated that its Government Accountability Office conduct a nationwide study on the use of eminent domain by state and local governments especially as a result of the US Supreme Court's Kelo Decision.

The GAO report provides information on the purposes for and extent to which eminent domain can be and has been used; as well as the process states and select localities across the country use to acquire land, including by eminent domain. The report also details how the use of eminent domain has affected individuals and communities in select localities, and the changes state legislatures made to laws governing the use of eminent domain from June 2005 through July 2006.

To address these objectives, the GAO reviewed relevant provisions in federal, state, and local laws; conducted site visits to various redevelopment projects where eminent domain was used; and interviewed multiple national associations of local and state government officials and planning professionals, national public interest groups, and national property rights groups to gain their perspectives on the use of eminent domain and its effect on communities and property owners.

Officials from national organizations and state and local governments cited various purposes for which eminent domain can be or has been used, including the building or expansion of transportation-related projects; the elimination and prevention of conditions that are detrimental to the physical, social, and economic well-being of an area; remediation of environmental contamination; and economic development.

However, no centralized national or state data exist on the use of eminent domain, thereby precluding GAO from any national or statewide assessments of, among other things, how frequently eminent domain is used for private-to-public or private-to-private transfer of property and purposes of these transfers.

Multiple laws promulgated from federal, state, and local governments detail how authorities can acquire land -- including by eminent domain -- and how compensation for property owners is determined. Some believe payment limits are much too low.

The initial step in a project that involves land acquisition is the public review and approval by a public body of a project plan, which is followed by a land valuation process during which title studies and appraisals are completed. During the land acquisition stage, authorities often make a formal offer to the owner and attempt to negotiate the purchase of the property. If the authority cannot locate the owner or the parties cannot agree to a price, among other circumstances, the authorities then begin the formal legal proceedings to acquire the property by eminent domain.

Finally, once the property is acquired, authorities may provide relocation assistance that may include monetary payments to cover moving expenses. Redevelopment projects for which eminent domain is used affect individuals and communities in a range of ways that cannot be quantified due to a lack of measures and data.

According to authorities, areas selected for redevelopment could have been vacant and abandoned land or those that included residents and operating businesses. Local officials both described and showed us community benefits resulting from redevelopment projects, including additional employment opportunities and housing in an area.

Also, property rights groups told the GAO analysts about some of the negative effects of eminent domain, such as the dispersal of long-standing communities. Finally, these groups expressed concerns about how authorities implement procedures for using eminent domain, particularly the provision of public notice to owners about the risk of condemnation, and the process for designating an area as blighted.

From June 23, 2005, through July 31, 2006, 29 states enacted to enforce restrictions on the use of eminent domain under certain circumstances, in addition to changes that defined or redefined key terms related to eminent domain including public use.

Jim Kouri
Chief of Police Magazine (Contributing Editor)

Send email feedback to Jim Kouri


Biography - Jim Kouri

Jim Kouri, CPP is currently fifth vice-president of the National Association of Chiefs of Police. He's former chief at a New York City housing project in Washington Heights nicknamed "Crack City" by reporters covering the drug war in the 1980s. In addition, he served as director of public safety at a New Jersey university and director of security for a number of organizations. He's also served on the National Drug Task Force and trained police and security officers throughout the country. He writes for many police and crime magazines including Chief of Police, Police Times, The Narc Officer, Campus Law Enforcement Journal, and others. He's appeared as on-air commentator for over 100 TV and radio news and talk shows including Oprah, McLaughlin Report, CNN Headline News, MTV, Fox News, etc. His book Assume The Position is available at Amazon.Com, Booksamillion.com, and can be ordered at local bookstores. Kouri holds a bachelor of science in criminal justice and master of arts in public administration and he's a board certified protection professional.


Read other commentaries by Jim Kouri.

Visit Jim Kouri's website at Chief of Police Magazine

Copyright © 2006 by Jim Kouri
All Rights Reserved.

[ Back ]


© 2004-2024 by WEBCommentary(tm), All Rights Reserved